Kamu pernah dengar kalimat kayak “The cake is eaten by Sarah” dan merasa bingung kenapa bentuknya beda dari biasanya? Nah, itu namanya Passive Voice alias kalimat pasif, dan percaya deh, kamu bakal sering ketemu ini di tulisan formal, ujian bahasa Inggris, bahkan artikel ilmiah!
Tapi tenang, meskipun kelihatannya ribet, sebenarnya passive voice itu gampang banget dipahami kalau kamu tahu dasarnya.
Apa Itu Passive Voice?
Passive voice adalah bentuk kalimat di mana subjeknya menerima tindakan, bukan melakukan tindakan. Bandingkan ini:
– Aktif: Ali makan apel. (Ali eats an apple)
– Pasif: Apel dimakan oleh Ali. (The apple is eaten by Ali)
Fokus kalimat pasif adalah pada aksi atau objek yang dikenai aksi, bukan siapa yang melakukannya.
Kenapa ini penting?
Passive voice sering dipakai kalau:
1. Pelakunya tidak penting atau tidak diketahui.
2. Ingin menekankan aksi, bukan pelakunya.
3. Menulis laporan formal, jurnal, atau teks ilmiah.
Rumus Umum Passive Voice
Format dasarnya begini:
Subject + to be (am/is/are/was/were) + past participle (verb 3) + by + Object
Contoh: The letter is written by Sarah (Surat itu ditulis oleh Sarah)
Jenis Kalimat dalam Passive Voice
1. Kalimat Positif
The homework is completed by the students.
2. Kalimat Negatif
Tambahkan “not” setelah to be.
The cake was not baked by my mother.
3. Kalimat Tanya
Mulai dengan to be.
Is the door opened by the guard?
Rumus Passive Voice dalam 16 Tenses
Jangan panik lihat jumlahnya. Justru tabel ini akan jadi cheat sheet kamu! Yuk cek:
| Tense | Rumus Active Voice | Rumus Passive Voice |
|---|---|---|
| Simple Present | S + V1 + O | S + is/am/are + V3 + (by + O) |
| Present Continuous | S + is/am/are + V-ing + O | S + is/am/are + being + V3 + (by + O) |
| Present Perfect | S + has/have + V3 + O | S + has/have + been + V3 + (by + O) |
| Present Perfect Continuous | S + has/have + been + V-ing + O | S + has/have + been + being + V3 + (by + O) |
| Simple Past | S + V2 + O | S + was/were + V3 + (by + O) |
| Past Continuous | S + was/were + V-ing + O | S + was/were + being + V3 + (by + O) |
| Past Perfect | S + had + V3 + O | S + had + been + V3 + (by + O) |
| Past Perfect Continuous | S + had + been + V-ing + O | S + had + been + being + V3 + (by + O) |
| Simple Future | S + will + V1 + O | S + will + be + V3 + (by + O) |
| Future Continuous | S + will + be + V-ing + O | (Jarang digunakan / tidak umum dalam passive voice) |
| Future Perfect | S + will + have + V3 + O | S + will + have + been + V3 + (by + O) |
| Future Perfect Continuous | S + will + have + been + V-ing + O | S + will + have + been + being + V3 + (by + O) |
| Simple Future (be going to) | S + is/am/are + going to + V1 + O | S + is/am/are + going to be + V3 + (by + O) |
| Conditional Type 1 | S + would + V1 + O | S + would + be + V3 + (by + O) |
| Conditional Type 2 | S + would + have + V3 + O | S + would + have + been + V3 + (by + O) |
| Modals (can/must/should/etc.) | S + modal + V1 + O | S + modal + be + V3 + (by + O) |
Contoh Passive Voice Lengkap
Agar makin paham, berikut contoh kalimatnya dalam berbagai tense, lengkap dengan terjemahan Bahasa Indonesianya.
1. Simple Present
The book is read by many students.
(Buku itu dibaca oleh banyak siswa.)
2. Present Continuous
The house is being cleaned by my mother.
(Rumah itu sedang dibersihkan oleh ibuku.)
3. Present Perfect
The report has been completed by the team.
(Laporan itu telah diselesaikan oleh tim.)
4. Present Perfect Continuous
The room has been being painted by the workers.
(Ruangannya telah sedang dicat oleh para pekerja.)
⚠ Kalimat ini jarang digunakan dalam percakapan sehari-hari.
5. Simple Past
The letter was sent by John.
(Surat itu dikirim oleh John.)
6. Past Continuous
The car was being repaired by the mechanic.
(Mobil itu sedang diperbaiki oleh montir.)
7. Past Perfect
The documents had been signed by the manager.
(Dokumen-dokumen itu telah ditandatangani oleh manajer.)
8. Past Perfect Continuous
The email had been being written by Sarah.
(Email itu telah sedang ditulis oleh Sarah.)
⚠ Bentuk ini juga sangat jarang dipakai karena terdengar kaku.
9. Simple Future (will)
The presentation will be given by Mr. Adam.
(Presentasi akan disampaikan oleh Pak Adam.)
10. Future Continuous
✖ Bentuk passive-nya sangat jarang digunakan.
Misalnya: The documents will be being reviewed… (tidak umum)
11. Future Perfect
The package will have been delivered by 3 p.m.
(Paket itu akan telah dikirim sebelum jam 3 sore.)
12. Future Perfect Continuous
The project will have been being managed by Sarah.
(Proyek itu akan telah sedang dikelola oleh Sarah.)
⚠ Struktur ini secara tata bahasa benar, tapi sangat jarang digunakan dalam praktik.
13. Be going to (Future)
The cake is going to be made by my sister.
(Kue itu akan dibuat oleh kakakku.)
14. Conditional Type 1 (would)
The house would be sold by the owner.
(Rumah itu akan dijual oleh pemiliknya.)
15. Conditional Type 2 (would have)
The car would have been fixed by now.
(Mobil itu seharusnya sudah diperbaiki sekarang.)
16. Modal (can, must, should, may, dll.)
The form must be filled out by the applicant.
(Formulir itu harus diisi oleh pelamar.)
Setelah membahas salah satu bentuk voice ini, jadi apakah Passive Voice itu penting? Banget. Kamu akan nemu passive voice di berbagai jenis tulisan, dari artikel berita sampai essay TOEFL. Jadi, makin paham struktur dan penggunaannya bikin kamu makin percaya diri saat menulis atau berbicara dalam bahasa Inggris.
Mau bahas lebih lanjut tentang bentuk voice ini? Lanjut di Discord Cetta Virtual Society yuk!
